{"id":46274,"date":"2023-09-15T21:32:10","date_gmt":"2023-09-16T01:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/?p=46274"},"modified":"2023-09-29T11:32:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T15:32:03","slug":"a-kaspa-performance-update","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/a-kaspa-performance-update\/","title":{"rendered":"A Kaspa Performance Update"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4\">New Mempool Implementation Manages Thousands of Pending Transactions<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure\"><\/figure>\n<h1 id=\"71e8\" class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Rusty Kaspa Mempool Update<\/h1>\n<p id=\"ff70\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha og oh oi hd oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><a class=\"af oz\" href=\"http:\/\/kaspa.org\/\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Kaspa<\/a> recently unveiled another significant advancement in the performance of their mempool, a term referring to the temporary holding space for unconfirmed transactions. The new mempool design can now manage a high-frequency 10-BPS network, even when saturated with hundreds of thousands of pending transactions.<\/p>\n<p id=\"50b1\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Behind this achievement stands <a class=\"af oz\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Sutton<\/a> at the helm and documenting the process on <a class=\"af oz\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\/status\/1702645784355787046\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter\/X<\/a>, joined by the Rust powerlifter <a class=\"af oz\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Tiram_88\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Tiram_88<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c98d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Some months back, Kaspa halted its eleventh testnet, TN11. This decision was primarily made to refine everything associated with the pathways of the mempool\u2019s operations. Before this intervention, the focus was mainly on refining their consensus validation engine. This engine, created with parallel processing in mind, was tested and proved capable of handling approximately 32 BPS. However, challenges arose when attention shifted to the mempool. Its initial design was straightforward and needed to be refined to manage heavy loads, revealing bottlenecks that hindered performance.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"fa81\" class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Mempool Bottleneck<\/h1>\n<figure class=\"mv mw mx my mz na ms mt paragraph-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div role=\"button\" class=\"nb nc eo nd bg ne\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div class=\"ms mt pf\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source data-testid=\"og\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"bg nf ng ds\" width=\"700\" height=\"733\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:700\/1*3sRodA2a_XeLcRuRTIsgmw.png?resize=700%2C733&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"pg ph pi ms mt pj pk be b bf z dx\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Figure 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\n<p class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\n<p id=\"fb6a\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This graph, Figure 1, illustrates the challenges of the previous mempool system under constant pressure. It showed significant strain when subjected to an influx of transactions more than a 10-BPS BlockDAG could efficiently manage. The system nearly halted at one point, especially between the 60 to 80-second marks, even though it was handling a mere 35,000 transactions. Two metrics stood out in this figure. The left demonstrates the operation time, while the right showcased the real-time mempool size. Both metrics reflected that the Build Block Template (BBT) and the block submission times were increasing at a high rate in correlation with the mempool size. This indicated the need for internal mempool algorithm optimization.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"8146\" class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Optimization objectives<\/h1>\n<p id=\"5102\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha og oh oi hd oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u2014 The system needed to quickly build blocks, which is crucial for the network\u2019s responsiveness.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ec8c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u2014 Once a transaction was confirmed, it needed to be removed from the mempool promptly, ensuring a smooth operational flow.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d260\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u2014 Maintain a consistent rate at which the new, unconfirmed transactions are accepted, regardless of the mempool\u2019s load.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"b017\" class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Results<\/h1>\n<p id=\"8e36\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha og oh oi hd oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The mempool then underwent a transformation. Large operations were fragmented into smaller, more manageable tasks, allowing many to run concurrently. Additionally, the internal algorithms of the mempool received significant overhauls for improved efficiency.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mv mw mx my mz na ms mt paragraph-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div role=\"button\" class=\"nb nc eo nd bg ne\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div class=\"ms mt pl\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source data-testid=\"og\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"bg nf ng ds\" width=\"700\" height=\"743\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:700\/1*RSe1z9Rpgvs5jBefyIA6fg.png?resize=700%2C743&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"pg ph pi ms mt pj pk be b bf z dx\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Figure 2<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"mv mw mx my mz na ms mt paragraph-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div role=\"button\" class=\"nb nc eo nd bg ne\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div class=\"ms mt pl\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source data-testid=\"og\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"bg nf ng ds\" width=\"700\" height=\"374\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:700\/1*dXrQzlUtVMDguijEc4XyBQ.png?resize=700%2C374&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"pg ph pi ms mt pj pk be b bf z dx\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Figure 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\n<p id=\"0fde\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The results of these interventions were nothing short of impressive. Michael Sutton referred to Figures 2 and 3 to underscore the improvements. In tests, they attempted to send a staggering 1.4 million transactions to a node to prove that until the mempool reaches a stable size of 600 thousand transactions. Over 600 thousand, the transaction submissions will alternate pausing and resuming to maintain. Figure 2 showed that BBT times were around 25 milliseconds, while block submissions averaged 150 milliseconds. Simultaneously, Figure 3 highlights the transaction processing speed of over 2,000 transactions every second. Most notably, these figures remained stable, even with a considerable load on the mempool, indicating that the node performed seamlessly.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"2dee\" class=\"nh ni gc be nj nk nl hc nm nn no hf np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The Nutshell<\/h1>\n<p id=\"4854\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha og oh oi hd oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Kaspa\u2019s advancements signal a more resilient, efficient, and adaptable system. It\u2019s designed to manage a significant transactional load without compromising performance, marking a pivotal moment for Kaspa\u2019s breakthrough technological journey.<\/p>\n<p id=\"15aa\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha pa oh oi hd pb ok ol om pc oo op oq pd os ot ou pe ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The days of frustrating delays, throughput limitations, and lengthy transaction times are poised to be things of the past. With a keen focus on quicker transactions, the revamped system efficiently processes tasks, even amidst high transaction volumes, ensuring unparalleled reliability.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"91d0\" class=\"pm ni gc be nj pn po pp nm pq pr ps np om pt pu pv oq pw px py ou pz qa qb qc ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><a class=\"af oz\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\/status\/1702645784355787046\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter Kaspa Update<\/a><\/h2>\n<p id=\"7cbc\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph od oe gc of b ha og oh oi hd oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy fv ei\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"of gd\">Tip: <\/strong>With a potential to manage thousands of transactions seamlessly, Kaspa\u2019s 10-BPS mempool is the future of practical everyday commerce.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/\">KASPA<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.kaspa.org\/en\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/wiki.kaspa.org\/en\/home\">KASPA WIKI<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/kaspa-currency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/kaspa-currency\">MEDIUM<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/teletype.in\/@kaspa-currency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/teletype.in\/@kaspa-currency\">TELETYPE<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/kaspa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/kaspa\">DISCORD<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/kaspaenglish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/kaspaenglish\">TELEGRAM<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KaspaCurrency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KaspaCurrency\">TWITTER<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/Kaspa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/Kaspa\/\">REDDIT<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kaspanet\/kaspad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kaspanet\/kaspad\">GITHUB<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/explorer.kaspa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/explorer.kaspa.org\/\">EXPLORER<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BubblegumLtng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BubblegumLtng\">Bubblegum Lightning<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New Mempool Implementation Manages Thousands of Pending Transactions Rusty Kaspa Mempool Update Kaspa recently unveiled another significant advancement in the performance of their mempool, a term referring to the temporary holding space for unconfirmed transactions. The new mempool design can now manage a high-frequency 10-BPS network, even when saturated with hundreds of thousands of pending [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":46276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4\">New Mempool Implementation Manages Thousands of Pending Transactions<\/h4>\r\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure\"><\/figure>\r\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Rusty Kaspa Mempool\u00a0Update<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Kaspa recently unveiled another significant advancement in the performance of their mempool, a term referring to the temporary holding space for unconfirmed transactions. The new mempool design can now manage a high-frequency 10-BPS network, even when saturated with hundreds of thousands of pending transactions.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Behind this achievement stands <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\">Michael Sutton<\/a> at the helm and documenting the process on <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\/status\/1702645784355787046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\/status\/1702645784355787046\">Twitter\/X<\/a>, joined by the Rust powerlifter <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Tiram_88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Tiram_88\">Tiram_88<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Some months back, Kaspa halted its eleventh testnet, TN11. This decision was primarily made to refine everything associated with the pathways of the mempool\u2019s operations. Before this intervention, the focus was mainly on refining their consensus validation engine. This engine, created with parallel processing in mind, was tested and proved capable of handling approximately 32 BPS. However, challenges arose when attention shifted to the mempool. Its initial design was straightforward and needed to be refined to manage heavy loads, revealing bottlenecks that hindered performance.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/F6EB3H7WAAAO8FP?format=png&amp;name=900x900\" alt=\"Image\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"imageCaption\">Figure 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">This graph, Figure 1, illustrates the challenges of the previous mempool system under constant pressure. It showed significant strain when subjected to an influx of transactions more than a 10-BPS BlockDAG could efficiently manage. The system nearly halted at one point, especially between the 60 to 80-second marks, even though it was handling a mere 35,000 transactions. Two metrics stood out in this figure. The left demonstrated the operation time, while the right showcased the real-time mempool size. Both metrics reflected that the Build Block Template (BBT) and the block submission times were increasing at a high rate in correlation with the mempool size. This indicated the need for internal mempool algorithm optimization.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Optimization objectives<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">\u2014 The system needed to quickly build blocks, which is crucial for the network\u2019s responsiveness.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">\u2014 Once a transaction was confirmed, it needed to be removed from the mempool promptly, ensuring a smooth operational flow.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">\u2014 Maintain a consistent rate at which the new, unconfirmed transactions are accepted, regardless of the mempool\u2019s load.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Results<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">The mempool then underwent a transformation. Large operations were fragmented into smaller, more manageable tasks, allowing many to run concurrently. Additionally, the internal algorithms of the mempool received significant overhauls for improved efficiency.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure\"><img class=\"graf-image\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-images-1.medium.com\/max\/1080\/0*x0LNiSt8iT7G5AAO\" data-image-id=\"0*x0LNiSt8iT7G5AAO\" data-width=\"741\" data-height=\"786\" \/><figcaption class=\"imageCaption\">Figure 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure\"><img class=\"graf-image\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-images-1.medium.com\/max\/1080\/0*4JWtdRf0Rd_CivKm\" data-image-id=\"0*4JWtdRf0Rd_CivKm\" data-width=\"741\" data-height=\"395\" \/><figcaption class=\"imageCaption\">Figure 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">The results of these interventions were nothing short of impressive. Michael Sutton referred to Figures 2 and 3 to underscore the improvements. In tests, they attempted to send a staggering 1.4 million transactions to a node to demonstrate that until the mempool reaches a stable size of 600 thousand transactions. Over 600 thousand, the transaction submissions will alternate pausing and resuming to maintain. Figure 2 showed that BBT times were around 25 milliseconds, while block submissions averaged 150 milliseconds. Simultaneously, Figure 3 highlights the transaction processing speed of over 2,000 transactions every second. Most notably, these figures remained stable, even with a considerable load on the mempool, indicating that the node performed seamlessly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">The Nutshell<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Kaspa\u2019s advancements signal a more resilient, efficient, and adaptable system. It\u2019s designed to manage a significant transactional load without compromising performance, marking a pivotal moment for Kaspa\u2019s breakthrough technological journey.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">The days of frustrating delays, throughput limitations, and lengthy transaction times are poised to be things of the past. With a keen focus on quicker transactions, the revamped system efficiently processes tasks, even amidst high transaction volumes, ensuring unparalleled reliability.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--h4-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\/status\/1702645784355787046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichaelSuttonIL\/status\/1702645784355787046\">Twitter Kaspa\u00a0Update<\/a><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Tip: <\/strong>With a potential to manage thousands of transactions seamlessly, Kaspa\u2019s 10-BPS mempool is the future of practical everyday commerce.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/\">KASPA<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.kaspa.org\/en\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/wiki.kaspa.org\/en\/home\">KASPA WIKI<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/kaspa-currency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/kaspa-currency\">MEDIUM<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/teletype.in\/@kaspa-currency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/teletype.in\/@kaspa-currency\">TELETYPE<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/kaspa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/kaspa\">DISCORD<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/kaspaenglish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/kaspaenglish\">TELEGRAM<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KaspaCurrency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KaspaCurrency\">TWITTER<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/Kaspa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/Kaspa\/\">REDDIT<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kaspanet\/kaspad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kaspanet\/kaspad\">GITHUB<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/explorer.kaspa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/explorer.kaspa.org\/\">EXPLORER<\/a> | <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BubblegumLtng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BubblegumLtng\">Bubblegum Lightning<\/a><\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,31],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Kaspa Performance Update - Kaspa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/a-kaspa-performance-update\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Kaspa Performance Update - Kaspa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/a-kaspa-performance-update\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kaspa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/KaspaCurrency\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-16T01:32:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-29T15:32:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kaspa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1_cRnWoHRD2A-q9-95CrKhrA-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"N. 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